Medieval Underwear – Shirt and Underpants in Everyday Life

Medieval underwear was an integral part of clothing, serving both protective and hygienic purposes. The basics were shirts and underpants, most often made of linen, a durable, breathable, and easy-to-wash material.

The medieval shirt had a simple, loose cut, tailored to the figure, and extended from mid-thigh to the ankles. Its purpose was to absorb sweat and protect outerwear – a dress, tunic, or doublet – from getting dirty. For women, it served as the first layer of clothing, emphasizing the importance of hygiene in everyday life. The shirts we make are based on commonly known shirt patterns, the shape of which changed slightly throughout the Middle Ages. Depending on the period, they were more or less fitted and differed slightly in details such as the neckline, etc.

Medieval underpants, popular in men’s wardrobes, were in the form of wide trousers tied at the waist. Their length varied – from knee-length to calf-length – depending on the period and the wearer’s needs. They facilitated wearing the leggings and allowed for freedom of movement both during work and travel.

The importance of medieval underwear was practical: it protected the body from the cold, increased comfort, and allowed for cleanliness. Although not visible in everyday life, it formed the foundation of medieval attire and played a crucial role in the lives of people of all social classes.

While medieval underwear may seem like a simple curiosity today, it plays a crucial role in historical reenactments. Without it, it’s difficult to imagine true medieval attire – a shirt and underpants are its foundation.

Hans Memling